Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Ever wondered how you can alleviate pain without popping pills? Enter Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), a nifty technique using gentle electrical currents to deliver a whisper-soft electrical current right where you need it, close to those tricky nerves. Its mission? To either block pain signals or give your perception of pain a much-needed makeover. Healthcare providers use TENS for all sorts of issues – like osteoarthritis, tendinitis, and fibromyalgia.

In this article, we delve into the intricacies of TENS, exploring its mechanisms, applications, usage guidelines, and both its merits and potential drawbacks.

What is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)?

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a pain relief therapy that utilizes a low-voltage electrical current to alleviate pain. The treatment involves the use of TENS units—battery-powered devices with electrodes that deliver controlled electrical impulses through the skin.

These impulses aim to either block pain signals or modify the perception of pain. While the exact mechanisms behind TENS are still being explored, it is believed to stimulate nerve cells or increase endorphin levels, activating the body’s natural pain-relieving mechanisms.

How Does a TENS Unit Work?

A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) unit works by delivering controlled electrical impulses through the skin via electrodes. These electrical currents aim to modulate the perception of pain or block pain signals entirely. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, there are two main theories on how TENS operates:

1. Nerve Stimulation Theory: According to this theory, the electrical impulses from the TENS unit stimulate nerve cells. This stimulation can interfere with or block the transmission of pain signals traveling from the nerves to the brain. Essentially, TENS may alter the way the brain perceives pain, providing relief to people experiencing discomfort.

2. Endorphin Release Theory: Another hypothesis is that TENS encourages the release of endorphins—natural chemicals produced by the body known for their pain-relieving properties. The electrical stimulation may prompt an increase in endorphin levels, activating the body’s internal pain-relief mechanisms. This can lead to a reduction in pain sensation and an overall sense of well-being.

While these theories provide a framework for understanding how TENS works, the exact mechanisms might vary from person to person.

What Can TENS Treat?

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to manage and alleviate various types of pain, both acute and chronic. Healthcare providers employ TENS therapy to address conditions such as:

1. Back Pain: TENS is commonly used to relieve discomfort associated with different forms of back pain, including muscle strain or chronic issues.

2. Osteoarthritis: People with osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint condition, may benefit from TENS to help manage pain and improve overall comfort.

3. Fibromyalgia: TENS is utilized as part of a multidisciplinary approach to address the widespread pain and tenderness associated with fibromyalgia.

4. Tendinitis: TENS can be applied to alleviate pain associated with inflammation of tendons, known as tendinitis.

5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints can be eased with TENS therapy.

6. Chronic Pelvic Pain: TENS is sometimes recommended for people experiencing chronic pelvic pain to help alleviate discomfort.

7. Diabetes-related Neuropathy: TENS may be used as a complementary approach to manage neuropathic pain associated with diabetes.

8. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): TENS is explored as a potential method for improving blood flow and reducing pain in people with PAD.

The versatility of TENS in addressing a range of conditions makes it a valuable tool in the realm of pain management. However, it’s crucial to consult with healthcare providers to determine the appropriateness of TENS for specific conditions and to receive guidance on proper usage and electrode placement.

Can TENS Unit Stimulate Muscle Growth?

There is limited scientific evidence to support the idea that Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) directly contributes to muscle building in a manner similar to resistance training or traditional muscle-building exercises. TENS is primarily recognized and studied for its role in pain management.

TENS works by delivering electrical impulses through the skin to stimulate nerves, and its therapeutic benefits are often associated with pain relief rather than muscle building.

The electrical currents from TENS may affect nerve signaling and perception of pain, but their direct impact on muscle hypertrophy or strength gains is not a well-established aspect of TENS therapy.

Learn more: best ab stimulators

How to Use TENS?

Using a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) unit involves several key steps to ensure effective and safe pain relief. Here is a general guide on how to use a TENS machine:

1. Positioning the Pads

• Ensure the TENS machine is switched off before attaching the pads to your skin.
• Position the pads on or near the painful area, maintaining a distance of at least 2.5cm (1 inch) apart.
• Avoid placing the pads over specific areas, including the front or sides of your neck, temples, mouth or eyes, chest and upper back simultaneously, irritated or broken skin, varicose veins, numb areas, and areas recently treated with radiation therapy.

2. Turning it On and Adjusting the Strength

• Once the pads are correctly placed, turn on the TENS machine.
• You will feel a slight tingling sensation as the electrical impulses pass through your skin.
• The machine typically has a dial to control the strength of the electrical impulses.
• Start with a low setting and gradually increase it until you feel a strong but comfortable sensation. If the tingling becomes painful or uncomfortable, reduce the intensity.

3. Duration of Use

• You can use the TENS machine throughout the day for as long as needed.
• It’s essential to avoid using TENS while driving, operating machinery, or during activities that may compromise your safety.
• Do not use TENS in the bath or shower.

4. Switching Off and Removing Electrodes:

• Turn off the TENS machine after you’ve completed the session.
• Carefully remove the electrodes from your skin.

It’s important to adhere to the guidelines given by the TENS unit manufacturer since devices can differ.

In general, you can use a TENS unit as frequently as needed. Many people use it multiple times a day for around 60 minutes per session. However, it’s advisable to consult your healthcare provider before giving it a try.

If you need more guidance, make an appointment with our online personal training. 

Who Shouldn’t Use a TENS Unit?

While Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is generally considered safe for many people, there are certain groups of people who should avoid using a TENS unit due to potential risks. people in the following categories should refrain from using a TENS unit:

1. Pregnant people: TENS should not be used by pregnant people, particularly around the abdominal and pelvic regions. Although TENS is generally considered safe, its impact on pregnancy has not been extensively studied.

2. Those with Implantable Devices: People with implantable devices such as pacemakers or defibrillators should avoid TENS therapy. The electrical impulses from the TENS unit could potentially interfere with the functioning of these implanted devices.

3. Cancer Patients: TENS is generally not recommended for people with cancer. The impact of electrical stimulation on cancerous tissues is not well understood, and there is a concern that it could promote the growth or spread of cancer cells.

4. People with Epilepsy: People with epilepsy should avoid TENS therapy due to the risk of triggering seizures. The electrical impulses from the TENS unit may interfere with the normal electrical activity of the brain.

5. Those with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): TENS should not be used on people with deep vein thrombosis, a condition characterized by blood clots in deep veins. The stimulation could potentially dislodge blood clots and pose a risk of serious complications.

6. Bleeding Disorders: People with bleeding disorders, where the blood has difficulty clotting, should avoid TENS due to the risk of skin irritation or bruising at the electrode sites.

7. Heart Disease: TENS is generally not recommended for people with heart disease, as the electrical impulses may affect the heart’s rhythm.

Moreover, specific areas of the body should be avoided when applying TENS electrodes. These include:

• Infected tissues
• Damaged skin
• Varicose veins
• Eyes
• Mouth
• Neck (front or side)
• Head
• Genitals
• Areas of numbness
• Areas of the body that have recently received radiation therapy

Always consult with a healthcare provider before using a TENS unit, especially if you have existing health conditions or concerns about its appropriateness for your situation.

Benefits of TENS Therapy

1. Noninvasive Pain Relief: One of the primary advantages of TENS therapy is that it offers a noninvasive approach to pain management. It provides relief without the need for medications or more invasive procedures.

2. Complementary to Other Treatments: TENS can be used in conjunction with other pain-relieving methods. It’s often employed as part of a comprehensive pain management plan, complementing medications or physical therapy.

3. Potential Medication Reduction: In some cases, TENS therapy may allow people to reduce their reliance on pain medications. This can be particularly beneficial for those seeking alternatives to pharmaceutical interventions.

4. Portability and Convenience: TENS units are compact and portable, allowing people to use them at home or on the go. This convenience enhances the accessibility of pain relief for those with chronic conditions.

5. Effective Pain Relief: Many people report effective pain relief with TENS therapy. It is commonly used for various conditions, including back pain, osteoarthritis, and neuropathy.

Risks and Drawbacks of TENS Therapy

1. Allergic Reactions to Adhesives: Some people may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions to the adhesives used to attach the electrodes. Using hypoallergenic electrodes can help mitigate this risk.

2. Uncomfortable Sensations: The tingling or prickling sensations caused by the electrical impulses may be uncomfortable for some people. Adjusting the intensity settings can often address this issue.

3. Rare Risk of Burns: In rare instances, TENS therapy may lead to burns at the electrode sites. Ensuring proper electrode placement, checking skin regularly during use, and following guidelines can minimize this risk.

4. Not Suitable for Everyone: TENS therapy is contraindicated for certain people, including pregnant women, those with implantable devices like pacemakers, people with cancer, epilepsy, deep vein thrombosis, bleeding disorders, and heart disease. Applying TENS near specific areas, such as the eyes, mouth, and genitals, is also discouraged.

5. Varied Response: The effectiveness of TENS can vary from person to person. While many find relief, it may not be equally successful for everyone, and the reasons for these individual differences are not fully understood.

When to Call the Doctor

While Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy is generally safe, there are instances when individuals using a TENS unit should contact a healthcare provider. If any of the following symptoms or issues arise during or after TENS therapy, it is advisable to consult a doctor:

• Skin Rash

• Itchy Skin (Pruritus)

• Dizziness

• Headaches

• Nausea

It’s important to note that these symptoms are relatively rare, and most people can use TENS therapy without experiencing significant side effects. However, any unusual or uncomfortable reactions should be promptly addressed by a healthcare professional.